Michael Cartagena, a 28-year-old man, experienced a sudden and severe pain in his back that left him semi-paralyzed and struggling to breathe. When he arrived at the emergency department, a CT scan revealed that he had an aortic dissection, a tear in the inner layer of his aorta. Aortic dissection is a life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention and intervention.
The aorta is the largest artery in the body, and aortic dissection occurs when there is a tear in its inner layer. This tear allows blood to flow between the layers of the aortic wall, causing the aorta to split into two parts. If left untreated, aortic dissection can lead to reduced blood flow to vital organs, organ damage, and even death. Prompt treatment is crucial to prevent these complications.
Symptoms of aortic dissection can be similar to those of other heart-related conditions, making diagnosis challenging. Common symptoms include sudden and sharp chest pain, which can also be felt in the neck, back, or abdomen. Numbness or weakness in the limbs and a feeling of impending doom may also be present. If these symptoms occur, it is essential to call 911 as aortic dissection is a medical emergency.
Several factors can increase the risk of developing an aortic dissection, including high blood pressure, smoking, an enlarged aorta, connective tissue disorders, a bicuspid aortic valve, and a family history of aortic dissection.
Diagnosis of aortic dissection is done using a computed tomography (CT) scan, which produces detailed images of the body’s blood vessels. Treatment options for aortic dissection depend on the severity and location of the tear.
Surgical intervention is often necessary and can be done through open surgery or endovascular repair. Open surgery involves replacing the damaged section of the aorta with a synthetic graft. Endovascular repair, on the other hand, uses a stent-graft to reinforce the weakened aortic wall and redirect blood flow. This approach is minimally invasive and results in shorter hospital stays and quicker recovery times.
Recovery from aortic dissection surgery varies depending on the individual and the type of surgery performed. Close monitoring and regular follow-up appointments are crucial to ensure proper healing and catch any potential complications.
In summary, aortic dissection is a life-threatening emergency that requires immediate medical attention. The condition can be difficult to diagnose due to its symptoms mimicking those of other heart-related conditions. Prompt treatment is essential to prevent complications and improve outcomes. Regular check-ups and managing risk factors such as high blood pressure are crucial for maintaining overall health and preventing aortic dissection.
Sources:
– Mayo Clinic: mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/aortic-dissection/symptoms-causes/syc-20369489
– Cleveland Clinic: my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17486-aortic-dissection